diff --git a/docs/custom-providers.md b/docs/custom-providers.md
index acf882657..924d1bc06 100644
--- a/docs/custom-providers.md
+++ b/docs/custom-providers.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Provider definitions live under `agents.providers` in config.json:
 
 Provider IDs must be lowercase alphanumeric with hyphens (`/^[a-z][a-z0-9-]*$/`).
 
-Each provider catalog refresh waits up to 60 seconds. If a provider loads many plugins or a large
+Each provider catalog refresh waits up to 2 minutes. If a provider loads many plugins or a large
 agent catalog during startup, raise the limit in milliseconds:
 
 ```json
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.test.ts b/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.test.ts
index ed67290b0..a73d8f3e0 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.test.ts
@@ -442,6 +442,40 @@ describe("ProviderSnapshotManager public surface", () => {
     }
   });
 
+  test("defaults provider refreshes to a two-minute deadline", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const manager = new ProviderSnapshotManager({
+      logger: createTestLogger(),
+      providerOverrides: {
+        claude: { enabled: false },
+        copilot: { enabled: false },
+        opencode: { enabled: false },
+        pi: { enabled: false },
+      },
+      extraClients: {
+        codex: createExtraClient("codex", { isAvailable: waitUntilAborted }),
+      },
+    });
+
+    try {
+      const entryPromise = manager.getProvider({
+        cwd: "/tmp/project",
+        provider: "codex",
+        wait: true,
+      });
+
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120_000);
+
+      await expect(entryPromise).resolves.toMatchObject({
+        status: "error",
+        error: "Timed out refreshing Codex after 120000ms; pending: availability",
+      });
+    } finally {
+      manager.destroy();
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+
   test("one refresh timeout covers availability and catalog discovery", async () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
     const manager = new ProviderSnapshotManager({
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.ts b/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.ts
index 60f7850a6..f0985348a 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/agent/provider-snapshot-manager.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import {
   validateAgentConfigurationAgainstProvider,
 } from "./agent-configuration-validator.js";
 
-const DEFAULT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+const DEFAULT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS = 120_000;
 const MAX_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_147_483_647;
 const DEFAULT_DIAGNOSTIC_TIMEOUT_MS = 120_000;
 const REFRESH_TIMEOUT_ENV_VAR = "PASEO_PROVIDER_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS";